Read the following text and answer the following questions:
I. Pre-reading:
a. What do you know about the chaos theory?
Chaos theory is related with that the world have aspect chaotics, completlely unpredictable, depending on the circumstances. That is every little decision in the long term can cause a big change.
b. What do you think the text will be about?
The next text can be about chaos theory chaos, its causes, consequences, who investigated this theory and some important aspects.
c. Write a list of five words (minimum) that you think you can find in the text you will read.
1. Read the text and check if you can find any of the words you wrote in your list (the one you wrote in the pre-reading, letter c.)
All words appear in the text.
2. Underline all the definitions you find in the text.
3. In the definitions: Mark the term being defined (term to be defined), the general class words (general class word)and the characteristics of the terms (characteristics).
4. Find the descriptions if any.
Chaos Theory (term to be defined), theory (general class word) describing the complex and unpredictable motion or dynamics of systems that are sensitive to their initial conditions (characteristics).Chaotic systems are mathematically deterministic—that is, they follow precise laws, but their irregular behavior can appear to be random to the casual observer. Chaotic behavior is common in systems as varied as electric circuits, measles outbreaks, lasers, clashing gears, heart rhythms, electrical brain activity, circadian rhythms, fluids, animal populations, and chemical reactions. It is suspected that even economic systems, such as the stock exchange, may be chaotic. The field of chaos is evolving rapidly from a theoretical to an applied science.
The dynamic nature of the universe has led to a great deal of scientific research dedicated to analyzing change. Until recently, it was believed that if the dynamics of a system behaved unpredictably, it was due to random external influences. Therefore, scientists concluded that if random influences could be eliminated, then the behavior of all such deterministic systems could be predicted indefinitely. It is now known that many systems can exhibit long-term unpredictability even in the absence of random influences (characteristics). Such systems (general class word)are called chaotic (term to be defined). Even very simple systems, such as a pendulum, exhibit chaos.
Excellent !
The unpredictability of chaotic systems arises due to their sensitivity to their initial conditions, such as their initial position and velocity. Two identical chaotic systems set in motion with slightly different initial conditions can quickly exhibit motions that are quite different. French mathematician Henri Poincaré concluded that he could not prove the solar system to be completely predictable. He was the first to state the defining feature of what later became known as chaos: “It may happen that small differences in the initial conditions produce very great ones in the final phenomena. A small error in the former will produce an enormous error in the latter. Prediction becomes impossible.…”
The ramifications of Poincaré's discovery were not fully appreciated by most scientists until computers allowed them to easily model and visualize chaotic systems. Before then, however, pioneering scientists and engineers at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration used Poincaré's work to send people and satellites into orbit. Edward Lorenz, an American meteorologist, discovered in the early 1960s that a simplified computer model of the weather demonstrated extreme sensitivity to the initial measured state of the weather (see Meteorology). He demonstrated visually that there was structure in his chaotic weather model that, when plotted in three dimensions, fell onto a butterfly-shaped fractal set of points of a type now known as a strange attractor. Lorenz rediscovered chaos and proved that long-range forecasting of the weather was impossible.
5. Find what the following referents, underlined in the sentences below, refer to in the text. Be careful some items more contain more than one referent:
a. Chaos Theory, theory describing the complex and unpredictable motion or dynamics of systems thatare sensitive to their initial conditions
Systems (that and their initial conditions too)
b. Until recently, it was believed that if the dynamics of a system behaved unpredictably, itwas due to random external influences
behaved unpredictably (it)
c. “It may happen that small differences in the initial conditions produce very great ones in the final phenomena. A small error in the formerwill produce an enormous error in the latter. Prediction becomes impossible.…”
the initial conditions (the former)
the final phenomena (the latter)
d. The ramifications of Poincaré's discovery were not fully appreciated by most scientists until computers allowed themto easily model and visualize chaotic systems.
scientists (them)
e. He demonstrated visually that there was structure in his chaotic weather model that, when plotted...
structure (that)
chaotic weather model (when plotted)
Super
6. What new aspects did you discover about the chaos theory?
I really do not know much about chaos theory. With the text I met who were important figures in the development of this theory as is the French mathematician Henri Poincaré that said the defining characteristic of what later became known as the chaos: "It may happen that small differences in initial conditions produce very great in final phenomena. A small error in the former will produce an enormous error in the latter. Prediction becomes impossible. ... " and the meteorologist Edward Lorenz who discovered in around 1960 with his model of chaotic weather chaos rediscovered and demonstrated that the long-term prediction of time was impossible.
Good
7. Is the chaos theory related to real life aspects? Explain
Chaos theory is completely related to everyday life, in nature, with a scientist's experiments and many other cases. For example, when Peter wants to be police and chooses to be a teacher without doctrine, he can practice his profession but long-term the students can leave with a bad training and Peter with a sad life.
Reading Log 1
Read the following text and answer the following questions:
I. Pre-reading:
a. What do you know about the chaos theory?
Chaos theory is related with that the world have aspect chaotics, completlely unpredictable, depending on the circumstances. That is every little decision in the long term can cause a big change.
b. What do you think the text will be about?
The next text can be about chaos theory chaos, its causes, consequences, who investigated this theory and some important aspects.
c. Write a list of five words (minimum) that you think you can find in the text you will read.
Super
Now click on the following link, then check your previous responses. Once you finish, please answer the questions below the picturehttp://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761571605/Chaos_Theory.html
Image taken on Sept 11th, 2008 from: http://image04.webshots.com/4/8/65/6/72686506oCftgU_ph.jpg
II. Reading:
1. Read the text and check if you can find any of the words you wrote in your list (the one you wrote in the pre-reading, letter c.)
All words appear in the text.
2. Underline all the definitions you find in the text.
3. In the definitions: Mark the term being defined (term to be defined), the general class words (general class word) and the characteristics of the terms (characteristics).
4. Find the descriptions if any.
Chaos Theory (term to be defined), theory (general class word) describing the complex and unpredictable motion or dynamics of systems that are sensitive to their initial conditions (characteristics). Chaotic systems are mathematically deterministic—that is, they follow precise laws, but their irregular behavior can appear to be random to the casual observer. Chaotic behavior is common in systems as varied as electric circuits, measles outbreaks, lasers, clashing gears, heart rhythms, electrical brain activity, circadian rhythms, fluids, animal populations, and chemical reactions. It is suspected that even economic systems, such as the stock exchange, may be chaotic. The field of chaos is evolving rapidly from a theoretical to an applied science.
The dynamic nature of the universe has led to a great deal of scientific research dedicated to analyzing change. Until recently, it was believed that if the dynamics of a system behaved unpredictably, it was due to random external influences. Therefore, scientists concluded that if random influences could be eliminated, then the behavior of all such deterministic systems could be predicted indefinitely. It is now known that many systems can exhibit long-term unpredictability even in the absence of random influences (characteristics). Such systems (general class word) are called chaotic (term to be defined). Even very simple systems, such as a pendulum, exhibit chaos.
Excellent !
The unpredictability of chaotic systems arises due to their sensitivity to their initial conditions, such as their initial position and velocity. Two identical chaotic systems set in motion with slightly different initial conditions can quickly exhibit motions that are quite different. French mathematician Henri Poincaré concluded that he could not prove the solar system to be completely predictable. He was the first to state the defining feature of what later became known as chaos: “It may happen that small differences in the initial conditions produce very great ones in the final phenomena. A small error in the former will produce an enormous error in the latter. Prediction becomes impossible.…”
The ramifications of Poincaré's discovery were not fully appreciated by most scientists until computers allowed them to easily model and visualize chaotic systems. Before then, however, pioneering scientists and engineers at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration used Poincaré's work to send people and satellites into orbit. Edward Lorenz, an American meteorologist, discovered in the early 1960s that a simplified computer model of the weather demonstrated extreme sensitivity to the initial measured state of the weather (see Meteorology). He demonstrated visually that there was structure in his chaotic weather model that, when plotted in three dimensions, fell onto a butterfly-shaped fractal set of points of a type now known as a strange attractor. Lorenz rediscovered chaos and proved that long-range forecasting of the weather was impossible.
5. Find what the following referents, underlined in the sentences below, refer to in the text. Be careful some items more contain more than one referent:
a. Chaos Theory, theory describing the complex and unpredictable motion or dynamics of systems that are sensitive to their initial conditions
Systems (that and their initial conditions too)
b. Until recently, it was believed that if the dynamics of a system behaved unpredictably, it was due to random external influences
behaved unpredictably (it)
c. “It may happen that small differences in the initial conditions produce very great ones in the final phenomena. A small error in the former will produce an enormous error in the latter. Prediction becomes impossible.…”
the initial conditions (the former)
the final phenomena (the latter)
d. The ramifications of Poincaré's discovery were not fully appreciated by most scientists until computers allowed them to easily model and visualize chaotic systems.
scientists (them)
e. He demonstrated visually that there was structure in his chaotic weather model that, when plotted ...
structure (that)
chaotic weather model (when plotted)
Super
6. What new aspects did you discover about the chaos theory?
I really do not know much about chaos theory. With the text I met who were important figures in the development of this theory as is the French mathematician Henri Poincaré that said the defining characteristic of what later became known as the chaos: "It may happen that small differences in initial conditions produce very great in final phenomena. A small error in the former will produce an enormous error in the latter. Prediction becomes impossible. ... " and the meteorologist Edward Lorenz who discovered in around 1960 with his model of chaotic weather chaos rediscovered and demonstrated that the long-term prediction of time was impossible.
Good
7. Is the chaos theory related to real life aspects? Explain
Chaos theory is completely related to everyday life, in nature, with a scientist's experiments and many other cases. For example, when Peter wants to be police and chooses to be a teacher without doctrine, he can practice his profession but long-term the students can leave with a bad training and Peter with a sad life.
Great